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Water privatization in Dar es Salaam
Water privatization in Dar es Salaam began with the award of a 10-year lease contract signed in 2003 for Dar es Salaam, the largest city and former capital of Tanzania. It was signed between the government of Tanzania and City Water, a consortium consisting of the former British firm Biwater, Gauff Engineers from Germany and a Tanzanian company called Superdoll. The government terminated the lease contract in May 2005 amid mutual allegations of breach of contract, and deported the three top executives of City Water.〔
== The situation before privatization ==
According to a report of ActionAid, before privatisation "the water system in Dar es Salaam was hardly a model of public sector efficiency." Until 1991, water was provided for free, except for some high income areas. The system was characterized by "disrepair, a lack of investment, high levels of wastage, and very poor levels of service coverage". In 1997 the semi-autonomous utility DAWASA was created and water tariffs were introduced for all users. According to the report, "DAWASA proved to be no better than its predecessor, and the wastage and disrepair reached crisis levels." By 2003 "only 98,000 households in a city of 2.5 million people had house connections. Only 26% of water was being billed, 60% was lost through leaks, and a further 13% through unauthorised use, illegal taps and non-payers. Even those with connections only received water irregularly, and the water quality was poor. In low-income areas, the vast majority of households had no water connection at all, relying instead on buying water from kiosks, water vendors or their neighbours, at more than three times the price."〔 Greenhill, R. and Wekiya, I. (2004). ( Turning off the taps : donor conditionality and water privatisation in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ), London, UK, ActionAid, p. 5 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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